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A gallon is equivalent to 231 cubic inches. Which of the following is closest to the diameter, in inches, of a cylindrical container with a capacity of 1 gallon and a height of 11 inches?

(Note: The volume of a cylinder with radius [tex]r[/tex] and height [tex]h[/tex] is [tex]\pi r^2 h[/tex].)

A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8
E. 16

Answer :

To find the diameter of a cylindrical container with a volume of 1 gallon and a height of 11 inches, we need to use the formula for the volume of a cylinder. The formula is:

[tex]\[ \text{Volume} = \pi r^2 h \][/tex]

Where:
- [tex]\( \pi \)[/tex] is a constant (approximately 3.14159),
- [tex]\( r \)[/tex] is the radius of the cylinder's base,
- [tex]\( h \)[/tex] is the height of the cylinder.

We know from the problem that:
- The volume of the cylinder (equivalent to 1 gallon) is 231 cubic inches,
- The height [tex]\( h \)[/tex] is 11 inches.

We need to find the radius [tex]\( r \)[/tex] first and then determine the diameter, which is twice the radius.

Step 1: Rearrange the volume formula to solve for the radius [tex]\( r \)[/tex].

[tex]\[ r^2 = \frac{\text{Volume}}{\pi h} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ r = \sqrt{\frac{\text{Volume}}{\pi h}} \][/tex]

Step 2: Substitute the given values into the formula.

Substitute the volume (231 cubic inches) and the height (11 inches) into the rearranged formula:

[tex]\[ r = \sqrt{\frac{231}{\pi \times 11}} \][/tex]

Step 3: Calculate the radius.

After performing the calculation inside the square root:

[tex]\[ r \approx 2.585 \text{ inches} \][/tex]

Step 4: Find the diameter.

The diameter is twice the radius:

[tex]\[ \text{Diameter} = 2r \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Diameter} = 2 \times 2.585 \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Diameter} \approx 5.171 \text{ inches} \][/tex]

Step 5: Select the closest option.

From the options provided:
- (A) 3
- (B) 5
- (C) 6
- (D) 8
- (E) 16

The value 5.171 is closest to option (B) 5.

Therefore, the closest diameter of the cylindrical container is [tex]\( 5 \)[/tex] inches. Option (B) is the correct answer.

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