This experiment utilizes a Grignard reaction to achieve the synthesis of triphenylmethanol. What is the essential role of the Grignard reagent in this reaction?

1) To add to the carbonyl group of a ketone
2) To form a new C-C bond
3) To attack electrophilic carbon atoms
4) To react with water to form hydrocarbons

The Grignard reagent is used as a nucleophile to attack electrophilic carbon atoms and form a new carbon-carbon bond with a carbonyl group in the synthesis of triphenylmethanol. So the correct option is 3) To attack electrophilic carbon atoms.

Explanation:

The essential role of the Grignard reagent in the synthesis of triphenylmethanol via a Grignard reaction is to function as a nucleophile that attacks electrophilic carbon atoms, forming a new C-C bond with the carbonyl group of a ketone or other carbonyl-containing compounds. The Grignard reagent is obtained from an organohalide reacting with magnesium in ether, and upon addition to the carbonyl compound, it creates an alkoxide ion intermediate. This intermediate is then protonated to form the desired alcohol. The capability of Grignard reagents to form C-C bonds provides a valuable method for constructing complex molecules from simpler ones.