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At 20°C, water takes 97.4 seconds to flow through a particular suspended level viscometer, and a dilute solution of a polysaccharide gum in water takes 137.8 seconds.

Given:
- The dynamic viscosity of water at 20°C is 1.002 mPa·s.
- The density of water and the polysaccharide solution at 20°C is 0.998 g/cm³.

Calculate:
(a) The specific viscosity of the polysaccharide gum solution.
(b) The dynamic viscosity of the polysaccharide gum solution.
(c) The kinematic viscosity of the polysaccharide gum solution.

If you had data for measurements of specific viscosity for solutions of the polysaccharide gum at several different concentrations:
(d) How would you determine the intrinsic viscosity?

Answer :

Final Answer:

(a) The specific viscosity of the polysaccharide gum solution is 0.408.

(b) The dynamic viscosity of the polysaccharide gum solution is 0.410 mPa.s.

(c) The kinematic viscosity of the polysaccharide gum solution is 0.411 cm²/s.

(d) To determine the intrinsic viscosity, measurements of specific viscosity for solutions of the polysaccharide gum at various concentrations can be plotted and extrapolated to zero concentration, yielding the intercept as the intrinsic viscosity.

Explanation:

(a) The specific viscosity of the polysaccharide gum solution can be calculated using the formula: Specific Viscosity = (Flow time of sample - Flow time of solvent) / Flow time of solvent. Given the flow times of the polysaccharide solution and water (97.4 s and 137.8 s respectively), the specific viscosity is approximately 0.408.

(b) The dynamic viscosity of the polysaccharide gum solution is found by multiplying the specific viscosity by the dynamic viscosity of the solvent (water). Using the dynamic viscosity of water (1.002 mPa.s), the dynamic viscosity of the polysaccharide solution is approximately 0.410 mPa.s.

(c) The kinematic viscosity of the solution is determined by dividing the dynamic viscosity by the density of the solution. Given the density of the solution (0.998 g/cm³), the kinematic viscosity is approximately 0.411 cm²/s.

(d) To determine the intrinsic viscosity, a plot of specific viscosity against concentration is created. The intercept of the linear regression line at zero concentration gives the intrinsic viscosity. This value helps characterize the size and shape of the polymer chains in the solution.

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