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Name the phase of the oestrus cycle during which artificial insemination could be performed.

State TWO methods that dairy farmers could use to detect heat in cows.

State TWO characteristics of good quality semen.

State TWO disadvantages of artificial insemination.

Answer :

The oestrus cycle is a reproductive cycle found in female mammals, and the phase during which artificial insemination could be performed is called [1mthe oestrus phase[0m, also known as "heat." During this phase, the female is sexually receptive and ovulation occurs, making it the optimal time for artificial insemination.

Here are two methods that dairy farmers could use to detect heat in cows:

  1. Behavioral Observation: Cows in heat often show increased activity, such as restlessness, mounting behavior, or allowing other cows to mount them. Observing these behaviors can be an effective way for farmers to detect when a cow is in heat.

  2. Heat Detection Aids: Tools like heat patches or electronic sensors can be used to detect increased physical activity, body temperature changes, or mounting behavior in cows, providing data to indicate if the cow is in heat.

Good quality semen has certain essential characteristics, such as:

  1. High Sperm Motility: The sperm should be active and capable of vigorous motion to travel through the female reproductive system and fertilize the egg.

  2. High Sperm Count: There should be a sufficient number of healthy sperm to increase the chances of successful fertilization.

Artificial insemination also has its drawbacks. Here are two disadvantages:

  1. Cost and Equipment: Artificial insemination requires technical skill, special equipment, and sometimes more costly procedures compared to natural mating.

  2. Reduced Genetic Diversity: Extensive use of artificial insemination with semen from a limited number of males could result in reduced genetic diversity within a herd.

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