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The periodic table includes 118 known elements, organized into groups and periods. Of special interest are the main group elements in columns 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18. The periodic table is an essential tool in chemistry.
The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties.
As of now, the periodic table includes 118 known elements. These elements are divided into different groups and periods with each group sharing similar properties. Of special interest are the main group elements, located in columns numbered 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18. The last of these elements, with the atomic number 118, is known as Oganesson (Og).
The elements are categorized broadly into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. For example, elements like carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) are nonmetals, whereas most of the elements in the periodic table are metals.
Main Group Elements
- Group 1: Alkali metals
- Group 2: Alkaline earth metals
- Group 13: Boron group
- Group 14: Carbon group
- Group 15: Nitrogen group
- Group 16: Chalcogens
- Group 17: Halogens
- Group 18: Noble gases
The periodic table is an essential tool in chemistry, summarizing a vast array of information about the elements, their properties, and their relationships to each other.
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The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic number, electron configurations, and chemical properties. The elements are arranged in rows and columns according to their atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. There are currently 118 known elements in the periodic table.
The elements in the periodic table are divided into several groups and periods. The groups, also known as families, are vertical columns on the periodic table and are labeled with numbers from 1 to 18. These groups have similar chemical properties and reactivity. For example, the elements in group 1, the alkali metals, are highly reactive and have a single valence electron. The elements in group 17, the halogens, are also highly reactive and have seven valence electrons.
The periods, or rows, on the periodic table are horizontal and are labeled with numbers from 1 to 7. These periods have elements that have a similar number of electron shells. For example, the first period has only two elements, hydrogen and helium, which have one electron shell. The second period has eight elements, lithium to neon, which have two electron shells.
The first element in the periodic table is hydrogen, which has the atomic number 1. It has only one proton in its nucleus and one electron in its outermost shell. The next element is helium, which has the atomic number 2. It has two protons in its nucleus and two electrons in its outermost shell. The rest of the elements are arranged in the table according to their atomic number, with the lightest elements at the top left of the table and the heaviest elements at the bottom right.
There are several notable elements in the periodic table, such as carbon, which is the basis of all living organisms; oxygen, which is essential for breathing; and iron, which is a crucial component of hemoglobin and is vital for the transport of oxygen in the blood. Other elements like sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine are also important for life and have a wide range of uses in industry and medicine.
In summary, The periodic table is a useful tool for organizing and understanding the chemical elements, which are arranged in rows and columns according to their atomic number, electron configurations, and chemical properties. There are currently 118 known elements in the periodic table, each with its unique properties and uses.
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