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Answer :
Final answer:
Mining techniques like surface and subsurface mining have both advantages and disadvantages, including efficiency versus environmental damage or safety risks. Acid mine drainage from mining operations can contaminate waterways. Gold mining's major hazard involves the use of toxic chemicals affecting both environment and health.
Explanation:
There are several methods for extracting resources through mining, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Surface mining, including open-pit mining, contour strip mining, and mountaintop removal, is used for deposits close to the surface. These methods allow for efficient extraction of resources but cause significant environmental disruption, such as habitat destruction and soil erosion. Subsurface mining involves creating tunnels deep underground to access deposits. Though less visually impactful, it poses serious safety risks to workers and can lead to subsidence of the land above.
Acid mine drainage is a critical environmental issue associated with mining. It occurs when sulfide minerals in exposed rock react with water and air, producing sulfuric acid, which leaches out heavy metals from surrounding rock, severely contaminating waterways. This phenomenon is particularly associated with coal and metal mining operations.
The major hazard of gold mining is the use of toxic chemicals, especially mercury and cyanide, in the gold extraction process. These substances can have devastating effects on the environment, contaminating soil and water bodies, and posing significant health risks to mining communities and wildlife.
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