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Final answer:
A syphilis test involves detection of antibodies responsive to Treponema pallidum, the bacterium causing syphilis, through blood tests called the VDRL and IFA tests. The VDRL test might lead to false positives and in case of suspected neurosyphilis, additional tests are necessary for a conclusive diagnosis.
Explanation:
A syphilis test entails detecting the presence of antibodies in the body that have been produced in response to Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis. These antibodies can be detected through blood tests even during the latent phase of the disease when no symptoms are present. The most common tests used are the Venereal Disease Research Lab test (VDRL) and the Immuno Fluorescent Assay (IFA) test. The VDRL test involves placing patient serum or cerebral spinal fluid on a slide with a mixture, which will cause a 'flocculation' or clumping effect if syphilis antibodies are present. However, it does have a higher chance of false positives compared to the IFA test, which is more specific.
In case of suspected neurosyphilis, additional tests such as cell count abnormalities, cerebrospinal fluid protein abnormalities or reactive VDRL-CSF (the VDRL test of cerebrospinal fluid) might be necessary to make a conclusive diagnosis.
These tests have been developed and improved over the years since the first test introduced by German scientist August von Wassermann in 1906 which was based on detection of anti-treponemal antibodies in the patient's blood.
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