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1. Fill in the blanks:

a) The word 'computer' comes from the Latin word `computare`.

b) Computers give `accurate` results.

c) `ENIAC` was built during World War II.

d) Microcomputers are small in `size`.

e) Super `computers` are the largest and fastest computers.

2. Match column A with column B:

| Column A | Column B |
| ------------------ | ----------------------------- |
| First Generation | Vacuum tubes |
| Second Generation | Transistors |
| Third Generation | Integrated circuits |
| Fourth Generation | Microprocessors |
| Fifth Generation | Parallel processing hardware |

3. Answer the following questions:

a) Who developed the Difference Engine?

b) Name three eGovernance services available in India.

c) Give two examples for each generation of computers.

d) Describe the use of computers in schools and the healthcare industry.

e) What are the different categories of computers based on their physical size and computing capabilities?

f) What are the different categories of computers based on their operating principles?

4. Write short notes on:

a) Supercomputers

b) Fourth-generation computers

c) Hybrid computers

Answer :

  1. Fill in the blanks:

a) The word 'computer' comes from the Latin word 'computare'.

b) Computers give 'accurate' results.

c) 'ENIAC' was built during World War II.

d) Microcomputers are small in 'Size'.

e) Super 'Computers' are the largest and fastest computers.

Match column A with column B:

  • First Generation | Vacuum tubes

  • Second Generation | Transistors

  • Third Generation | Integrated circuits

  • Fourth Generation | Microprocessors

  • Fifth Generation | Parallel processing hardware

Answer the following questions:

a) Who developed the Difference Engine?

  • The Difference Engine was developed by Charles Babbage, who is often referred to as the "father of the computer." Babbage designed the Difference Engine in the 1820s as an automatic mechanical calculator.

b) Name three eGovernance services available in India.

  • Some examples of eGovernance services in India include:
    1. Digital India, which aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
    2. E-Hospital, an online registration framework that facilitates patients to book appointments and avail of healthcare services.
    3. MyGov, a citizen engagement platform where citizens can interact with the government and provide their feedback and suggestions.

c) Give two examples for each generation of computers.

  • First Generation (1940-1956):

    1. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
    2. UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I)

  • Second Generation (1956-1963):

    1. IBM 7094
    2. CDC 1604

  • Third Generation (1964-1971):

    1. IBM System/360
    2. PDP-8

  • Fourth Generation (1971-Present):

    1. Intel 4004
    2. Apple I

  • Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond):

    1. IBM Watson
    2. Fujitsu's K Computer

d) Describe the use of computers in schools and healthcare industry.

  • In schools, computers are used for educational purposes such as teaching students through interactive software, conducting online exams, and assisting teachers in creating lesson plans and presentations.

  • In the healthcare industry, computers enable accurate patient diagnostics, help in maintaining health records, support telemedicine, and are used for analyzing large datasets in medical research.

e) What are the different categories of computers based on their physical size and computing capabilities?

  • Supercomputers
  • Mainframe computers
  • Minicomputers
  • Microcomputers
  • Workstations

f) What are the different categories of computers based on their operating principles?

  • Analog Computers
  • Digital Computers
  • Hybrid Computers

Write short notes on:

a) Supercomputers

  • Supercomputers are the most powerful computing machines capable of performing billions of calculations per second. They are used for complex computational tasks such as climate research, molecular modeling, and simulations of nuclear tests.

b) Fourth generation computers

  • Fourth-generation computers are defined by their use of microprocessors, which are integrated circuits that contain all the functions of a CPU on a single chip. These computers are more powerful, smaller, and more energy-efficient than previous generations.

c) Hybrid computers

  • Hybrid computers combine features of both analog and digital computers. They are used where both analog and digital data processing is required, such as in medical equipment like ECG machines.

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Rewritten by : Barada