Answer :

Surface mining causes more environmental damage than deep mining, but subsurface mining is also riskier and more expensive.

Subsurface mining extracts minerals from deep underground deposits, whereas surface mining removes ore deposits that are close to the surface. As the name implies, surface mining involves taking minerals from the earth's surface because this is where the ore reserves exist. Open-pit mining is used when there are significant ore reserves. Machines remove any earth that is not ore and set it aside, leaving behind a huge, gaping hole. Overburden is the term for this substance, which is scraped off and placed into spoil banks.

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