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Answer :
C. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
This process is crucial for maintaining cellular integrity and adapting to changes in solute composition in the environment. The higher the concentration of solutes on one side of the membrane, the lower the concentration of water on that side, and vice versa.
Water moves across the membrane in order to balance the solute concentrations on both sides. For example, consider a cell placed in a hypertonic solution (where the external solution has lower water concentration than inside the cell). Water will move out of the cell to the external solution until both sides reach an isotonic state (equal concentrations).
This is facilitated by aquaporins, which are proteins that form channels in the membrane specifically for water molecules, allowing for efficient water transport across the membrane. Hence, option C is correct.
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