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The Inca Empire, led by Pachacuti from 1438, expanded significantly until the arrival of Spanish explorers in the 1520s. This arrival caused a smallpox epidemic that reduced the Inca population drastically, leading to their eventual defeat and the empire's end in 1572. The interactions between the Spanish and the Incas illustrate the profound effects of European exploration on indigenous empires.
Explanation:
History of the Inca Empire
The Inca Empire, under the leadership of Pachacuti starting in 1438, became one of the largest and most sophisticated empires in pre-Columbian America. Pachacuti's reign led to a significant expansion of the empire's territory, administrative organization, and cultural achievements. He is often credited with establishing the foundation for the empire's remarkable capabilities in governance and military strategy.
However, by the 1520s, the arrival of Spanish explorers marked a drastic change in the Inca Empire's fate. Their presence catalyzed a series of events that ultimately led to a devastating smallpox epidemic, which decimated the Inca population. By 1533, Spanish conquistadors had defeated the Incas, culminating in the execution of their leader, Atahualpa.
This timeline reveals a clear cause-and-effect relationship: the arrival of Spanish explorers was a crucial factor that led to the widespread death of many Incas due to disease and warfare. Consequently, this chain of events resulted in the end of the Inca Empire by 1572.
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