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1. To adjust the pH to 8.75, you would need to add NaOH to the buffer solution.
Since NaOH is a strong base, it will react with NH4Cl in the buffer to form NH3 and NaCl, thereby increasing the concentration of NH3 and shifting the equilibrium towards the NH3/NH4Cl conjugate base pair, resulting in an increase in pH.
2. To calculate the mass of NaOH needed, you need to determine the amount required to react with all the NH4Cl in the buffer solution. Since the molar ratio between NH4Cl and NaOH is 1:1, the moles of NaOH required will be equal to the moles of NH4Cl initially present in the buffer.
Therefore, you would need to add 0.3 mol of NaOH to the buffer solution. To find the mass, you would use the formula:
Mass = molar mass × moles
For NaOH, the molar mass is approximately 40.00 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of NaOH required would be:
Mass = 40.00 g/mol × 0.3 mol ≈ 12.00 g
So, approximately 12.00 grams of NaOH should be added to the buffer solution.
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