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Answer :
Final answer:
Visual sensory input is processed by the brain through parallel pathways - the 'what' pathway (dorsal pathway) identifies what the object is, whilst the 'where/how' pathway (ventral pathway) discerns its location. This information is sent along the ascending pathway, initially processed in the primary sensory cortex before later being formed into more complex perceptions
Explanation:
The student is interested in knowing how sensory input is communicated from the eyes to the brain to understand what an object is and where it is located. The answer to this lies in the concept of parallel processing of visual information in the brain. Once the visual information is inside the brain, it is sent to the occipital lobe for processing via two main pathways, commonly known as the 'what' pathway and the 'where/how' pathway. To give an instance, when you see a ball rolling down the street, the 'what pathway' (also called the dorsal pathway) identifies that the object is a ball, while the 'where/how pathway' (also known as the ventral pathway) identifies its location or movement in space.
All this sensory information is transported to the brain through a system called the ascending pathway, which uses different routes depending on the location of sensory receptors. For things perceived below the neck, information travels along the sensory pathways of the spinal cord, and for stimuli from the head and neck, it goes through cranial nerves. In the cerebral cortex, sensory processing begins at the primary sensory cortex, then moves to an association area, and ends in a multimodal integration area.
In all these pathways, the sensory inputs are recognized and built into more complex shapes and also used to estimate the distance of stimuli based on binocular depth cues for accurate perception of our surrounding space.
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