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Which of the following types of mining is the LEAST environmentally harmful?

A. Surface mining
B. Subsurface mining
C. Open-pit mining
D. Mountaintop removal mining

Answer :

Final answer:

Among the given examples, surface mining is generally considered the least environmentally harmful form of mining. It can, however, still cause significant disruption and damage at the surface level. The other forms of mining listed (subsurface mining, open-pit mining, and mountaintop removal mining) generally have more significant environmental impacts.

Explanation:

Out of the options listed, surface mining is considered the least environmentally harmful form of mining. While all forms of mining cause damage to the environment, surface mining, while disruptive at ground level, typically has less of an impact in terms of ecological disruption, destruction of habitats and subsurface geological effects than the other listed forms. Subsurface mining, open-pit mining, and mountaintop removal mining are all generally recognized as having more significant long-term environmental costs. For example, mountaintop removal mining involves demolishing an entire mountain or hill down to the level of the coal seam, which generates significant amounts of waste and causes extreme landscape damage. Thus, while no form of mining is without environmental impact, surface mining is generally considered less harmful than the alternatives.

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