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Answer :
Final answer:
Arousal by a sensory stimulus can maintain consciousness through positive feedback due to the activity in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and motor pathways which are crucial components of the sensory modalities and motor responses.
Explanation:
After arousal by a sensory stimulus, consciousness can be maintained by positive feedback due to activity in the cerebral cortex. The cortex plays a key role in processing sensory modalities through ascending pathways, such as tactile and other somatosensory stimuli that activate receptors in the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints throughout the entire body. This is also linked to the thalamus, which acts as a gateway to and from the cortex, receiving sensory and motor inputs from the body, and it can modulate conscious awareness depending on the state of attention and arousal of the individual.
Moreover, the somatosensory cortex maintains sensory topography as per the location of receptor cells, and its relation to consciousness becomes apparent when processing complex somatic functions, such as conscious muscle movement. The sequence of regions of the cerebral cortex processes the visual information, starting in the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe, and this consequently results in the conscious perception of the sensory stimuli.
Lastly, the motor pathways also play a part in conscious awareness through the generation of our movement responses. Regions of the cerebral cortex in the frontal lobe plan movement responses, feeding into the primary motor cortex that initiates action, making motor pathways indispensable to the conscious expression of our sensory world.
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