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Answer the two clinical questions below in your lab report (0.8 points total).

As you saw in the lecture (see the diagram to the left below), the lower face and the upper face have a difference in the laterality of innervation from the cortex. The facial nucleus innervating the lower face is largely controlled by the contralateral motor cortex, whereas the facial nucleus innervating the upper face is bilaterally controlled by the motor cortex. Axons of motor neurons in the facial nucleus project to the ipsilateral muscles without crossing at the midline.

How are the motor functions of the facial muscles affected in the following situations? Justify each of your answers in one sentence.

a) A lesion in the left internal capsule involving fibers going to the facial nucleus (0.4 point possible)

b) A left facial nerve lesion ("Bell's palsy") (0.4 point possible)

Answer :

A tension in the left internal capsule involving fibers going to the facial nucleus will cause paralysis of the lower face on the right side.

A left facial nerve lesion ("Bell's palsy") will cause paralysis of the entire left face.

The facial nucleus is responsible for innervating the muscles of the face. The lower face is largely controlled by the contralateral motor cortex, while the upper face is bilaterally controlled by the motor cortex. This means that the fibers that project to the facial nucleus from the motor cortex cross over at the midline for the lower face, but not for the upper face.

A tension in the left internal capsule involving fibers going to the facial nucleus will damage the fibers that project to the right facial nucleus. This will cause paralysis of the lower face on the right side, because the lower face is largely controlled by the contralateral motor cortex. The upper face will not be affected, because the fibers that project to the upper face do not cross over at the midline.

A left facial nerve lesion ("Bell's palsy") will damage all of the fibers that project to the facial muscles. This will cause paralysis of the entire left face, because the facial nerve is responsible for innervating all of the muscles of the face.

The paralysis caused by a tension in the left internal capsule or a left facial nerve lesion is usually temporary. However, in some cases, the paralysis can be permanent. If you experience any symptoms of facial paralysis, such as drooping of the face, difficulty closing the eye, or loss of taste, it is important to see a doctor right away.

Learn more about paralysis here:

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