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Answer :
Final answer:
Negative charges in molecule B can be delocalized by resonance to more electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes carbon, but not to hydrogen as it cannot stabilize the negative charge due to its electron configuration. THe correct answer is a), b) and c).
Explanation:
The negative charges in molecule B can be delocalized by resonance. According to resonance theory, electrons can be shared by more than two atoms, leading to multiple possible arrangements of electron pairs, or resonance structures.
These alternative resonance structures depict the same molecule with the same molecular formula but the negative charges at different positions. In general, the negative formal charges can be distributed among atoms that support the extra electron density. In most organic molecules, this includes:
Oxygen (O) due to its high electronegativity, which allows it to stabilize negative charges. Nitrogen (N), another electronegative atom capable of stabilizing negative charges.
Carbon (C), although less electronegative than oxygen or nitrogen, in certain resonance structures can carry a negative charge, especially in carbanions or when adjacent to electronegative atoms.
Hydrogen (H), on the other hand, is not typically involved in resonance as it lacks the necessary p orbitals to delocalize charge and normally cannot bear a formal negative charge in a stable resonance structure.
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