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10. When a car driver sees an emergency ahead, they apply the brakes. During their reaction time, the car travels at a steady speed and covers a distance known as the thinking distance. The braking distance is the distance traveled by the car after the brakes are applied.

(a) State the energy change that occurs as the car brakes. [2]

(b) Fig. 9.1 shows the speed-time graph of a car. The driver sees the emergency at time [tex]t = 0[/tex]. The total mass of the car is 800 kg. Find:

(i) The thinking distance.

(ii) The braking distance.

(iii) The deceleration of the car during braking.

(iv) The force provided by the brakes.

(c) Using ideas about friction and deceleration, state and explain how the braking distance is affected by:

(i) Using new tires rather than badly worn tires.

Answer :

Final answer:

The energy change during braking is the transformation of kinetic energy into heat due to friction. To compute thinking distance, braking distance, deceleration, and braking force, principles of mechanics are applied, including data such as car mass, speed, reaction time, and deceleration rate. The condition of tyres significantly affects braking distance.

Explanation:

When a car driver applies the brakes upon seeing an emergency, the energy change that occurs as the car brakes is the conversion of kinetic energy to heat energy due to friction between the car's brakes and the wheels.

To calculate the thinking distance and braking distance when given the total mass of a car and the deceleration during braking, one must apply the basic principles of mechanics, specifically kinematics and dynamics. For a more detailed calculation, additional information is needed such as the car's initial speed, reaction time of the driver, and the deceleration rate of the car. The force provided by the brakes can be found using Newton's second law, F = ma, where 'm' is the mass of the car and 'a' is the deceleration.

The braking distance is affected by the condition of the tyres because new tyres generally provide better grip and greater friction, leading to a shorter braking distance compared to badly worn tyres which may result in longer stopping times.

Learn more about Braking Mechanics here:

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