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Answer :
To solve the question about which hydroxides are soluble, let's break it down step-by-step:
1. Understanding Solubility Rules: Generally, hydroxides (OH⁻) are insoluble in water. However, there are key exceptions to this rule:
2. Exceptions to Insolubility:
- Group 1 Elements: Hydroxides of alkali metals in Group 1 of the periodic table are soluble. This includes:
- Lithium (Li⁺)
- Sodium (Na⁺)
- Potassium (K⁺)
- Rubidium (Rb⁺)
- Cesium (Cs⁺)
- Ammonium Ion: Hydroxides containing ammonium (NH₄⁺) are also soluble.
3. Group 2 Elements:
- Certain Group 2 elements' hydroxides are considered somewhat soluble, specifically:
- Calcium (Ca²⁺)
- Strontium (Sr²⁺)
- Barium (Ba²⁺)
These exceptions make up the key hydroxides that are soluble. Recognizing these exceptions, we can conclude that hydroxides are insoluble except for those of Group 1 elements, ammonium, and specific Group 2 elements like Ca, Sr, and Ba.
Therefore, the correct list of soluble hydroxides would be those of "group 1, NH₄⁺, Ca, Sr, Ba."
1. Understanding Solubility Rules: Generally, hydroxides (OH⁻) are insoluble in water. However, there are key exceptions to this rule:
2. Exceptions to Insolubility:
- Group 1 Elements: Hydroxides of alkali metals in Group 1 of the periodic table are soluble. This includes:
- Lithium (Li⁺)
- Sodium (Na⁺)
- Potassium (K⁺)
- Rubidium (Rb⁺)
- Cesium (Cs⁺)
- Ammonium Ion: Hydroxides containing ammonium (NH₄⁺) are also soluble.
3. Group 2 Elements:
- Certain Group 2 elements' hydroxides are considered somewhat soluble, specifically:
- Calcium (Ca²⁺)
- Strontium (Sr²⁺)
- Barium (Ba²⁺)
These exceptions make up the key hydroxides that are soluble. Recognizing these exceptions, we can conclude that hydroxides are insoluble except for those of Group 1 elements, ammonium, and specific Group 2 elements like Ca, Sr, and Ba.
Therefore, the correct list of soluble hydroxides would be those of "group 1, NH₄⁺, Ca, Sr, Ba."
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