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The graphs above show the population size and distribution of beak sizes in a finch population on the island of Daphne Major in the Galapagos in 1976 and 1978. Smaller-beaked finches are better suited for eating grasses and small seeds. Larger-beaked finches are better suited for cracking larger seeds and nuts. In 1977, a drought took place and the vegetation of the island was affected by the lack of rain.

Which of the following statements best explains the changes in the size and composition of the population of finches after the drought?

A. The total number of finches in the population increased, and the smaller-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment.
B. The total number of finches in the population increased, and the larger-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment.
C. The total number of finches in the population decreased, and the smaller-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment.
D. The total number of finches in the population decreased, and the larger-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment.

Answer :

Final answer:

The drought in 1977 led to a decrease in the overall finch population but larger-beaked finches thrived due to their ability to crack larger seeds. This shift towards larger-beaked finches in the population is an example of natural selection.

Explanation:

Based on the information provided, the correct answer is: d. The total number of finches in the population decreased, and the larger-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment. During the drought period in 1977, the vegetation on Daphne Major dramatically changed, leading to a significant decline in small, soft seeds which are the preferred food source for smaller-beaked finches. As a result, many small-beaked finches died of starvation, leading to a decrease in the overall finch population. Conversely, the larger-beaked finches, capable of cracking larger seeds and nuts, were able to better adapt to the drier environment and they thrived during this period. This incident is an example of natural selection, where organisms that are better adapted to their environment have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. In this case, the graphs would have demonstrated a shift towards larger-beaked finches in the total finch population following the drought.

Learn more about Natural Selection in Finch Population here:

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