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Answer :
Final answer:
The given statement is Darwin's finches are a group of birds the famous naturalist observed in the Cape Verde Islands that all exhibited different plumage but had identically-sized and shaped beaks is Beak size variation thus the correct option is b.
Explanation:
Darwin's finches are renowned for their adaptive radiation, where different species evolved from a common ancestor to exploit various ecological niches. The primary adaptation observed by Darwin was in their beak size and shape, which correlated with their respective diets. For instance, finches with larger, stronger beaks were better equipped to crack open seeds, while those with smaller, more delicate beaks were adept at feeding on insects or drinking nectar. This variation in beak size played a crucial role in their survival and reproduction, demonstrating the concept of natural selection in action.(option b)
Darwin's observations of the finches' beak size variation underscored the principle of adaptive evolution, where traits advantageous for survival and reproduction become more prevalent in a population over time. By measuring and documenting the differences in beak morphology among the finches, Darwin provided compelling evidence for his theory of natural selection as a mechanism driving species diversification. The beak size variation among the finches exemplifies how subtle differences in morphology can lead to significant ecological divergence and speciation events over evolutionary timescales.(option b)
In summary, Darwin's study of the finches' beak size variation highlights the intricate interplay between phenotype, ecology, and natural selection in shaping the diversity of life. The uniformity in plumage among the finches may have initially masked their underlying genetic and ecological diversity, but the variability in beak morphology revealed their remarkable adaptability and evolutionary potential.(option b)
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