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Answer :
Final answer:
The drought led to a decrease in the overall finch population, as smaller-beaked birds died off and larger-beaked birds thrived due to their ability to consume a wider range of seeds. Consequently, the average beak size of surviving finches increased in response to the changed environmental conditions. Thus, option C accurately describes the changes observed in this scenario.
Explanation:
Changes in Finch Population Size and Composition After Drought
The drought on the Galápagos island of Daphne Major significantly affected the population of finches, specifically Geospiza fortis. The lack of small seeds which smaller-beaked finches depended on resulted in a decline in their survival rates. In contrast, larger-beaked finches had a competitive advantage because they could eat seeds of all sizes.
After the drought, the total finch population decreased, and over the course of the following years, the average beak size within the surviving population increased due to natural selection. This process favored larger-beaked finches, which were more successful at surviving in the drier environment. Therefore, the statement that best explains these changes is:
- C: The total number of finches in the population decreased, and the larger-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment.
This phenomenon illustrates the principles of natural selection, where the environmental changes resulted in differential survival and reproduction among the finch population.
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