Answer :

Final Answer:

Bacterial strains that have distinct antigenic properties are called serotypes.

Explanation:

Serotypes refer to specific bacterial strains that possess unique antigenic characteristics, allowing them to be differentiated based on their immune response-inducing molecules. These molecules, often found on the bacterial cell surface, trigger distinct immune reactions within a host organism. Serotyping plays a crucial role in identifying and classifying bacteria, particularly in the fields of microbiology and epidemiology.

Antigens are substances recognized by the immune system as foreign, leading to the production of antibodies. In the context of bacterial serotyping, antigens are specific components of the bacterial cell that elicit an immune response. Different bacterial strains can have variations in their surface antigens, resulting in diverse serotypes. The ability to distinguish serotypes is essential for diagnosing infections, tracking outbreaks, and developing targeted vaccines.

For example, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterial species that comprises various serotypes. Each serotype possesses unique antigens that aid in distinguishing between different strains and understanding their pathogenicity. The O and H antigens of E. coli are commonly used for serotyping and play a significant role in determining the bacteria's virulence.

In summary, serotypes are distinct bacterial strains defined by their specific antigenic properties, which are essential for diagnosing and studying bacterial infections, as well as for vaccine development and disease prevention.

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