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Hydrogen and oxygen react chemically to form water. How much water would form if 4.8 grams of hydrogen reacted with 38.4 grams of oxygen?

Answer :

Approximately 42.92 grams of water will be produced when 4.8 grams of hydrogen reacts with 38.4 grams of oxygen.

To determine how much water is formed when 4.8 grams of hydrogen reacts with 38.4 grams of oxygen, we will use the stoichiometry of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.

The balanced chemical equation for the formation of water is:

[tex]2H_2(g) + O_2(g) \rightarrow 2H_2O(l)[/tex]

Step 1: Calculate Moles of Reactants

Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of hydrogen and oxygen involved in this reaction using their molar masses:

  • The molar mass of hydrogen (H₂):

[tex]2 \times 1.01\,g/mol = 2.02\,g/mol[/tex]

  • The molar mass of oxygen (O₂):

[tex]2 \times 16.00\,g/mol = 32.00\,g/mol[/tex]

Now, calculate the moles of each reactant:

  • Moles of hydrogen:

[tex]\text{Moles of } H_2 = \frac{4.8\,g}{2.02\,g/mol} \approx 2.38\,mol[/tex]

  • Moles of oxygen:

[tex]\text{Moles of } O_2 = \frac{38.4\,g}{32.00\,g/mol} = 1.20\,mol[/tex]

Step 2: Determine the Limiting Reactant

  • From the balanced equation, we can observe that 2 moles of hydrogen react with 1 mole of oxygen. Therefore, the stoichiometric ratio is:

2 moles of H₂ react with 1 mole of O₂.

  • Now determine how many moles of O₂ are required for 2.38 moles of H₂.

[tex]\text{Moles of } O_2 \text{ needed} = \frac{2.38\,mol\, H_2}{2} = 1.19\,mol[/tex]

We have 1.20 moles of O₂, which is slightly more than the 1.19 moles needed. Thus, hydrogen (H₂) is the limiting reactant because there isn't enough of it to fully react with the available oxygen.

Step 3: Calculate the Amount of Water Produced

  • According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of H₂ yield 2 moles of H₂O. Thus, if we have 2.38 moles of H₂, the same amount of H₂O will be produced:

[tex]\text{Moles of } H_2O = 2.38\,mol[/tex]

Step 4: Convert the moles of H₂O to grams.

  • Next, calculate the mass of the water produced. The molar mass of water (H₂O) is 18 grams per mole.

[tex]2 \times 1.01\,g/mol + 16.00\,g/mol = 18.02\,g/mol[/tex]

  • Now we calculate the mass of water formed:

[tex]\text{Mass of } H_2O = 2.38\,mol \times 18.02\,g/mol \approx 42.92\,g[/tex]

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