Answer :

Final answer:

Surface and subsurface mining are the two main methods used for coal extraction. Surface mining involves removing the overlying layers of soil and rock, while subsurface mining requires digging tunnels and shafts deep underground. The choice of method depends on the location and depth of the coal deposits.

Explanation:

Coal can be mined using two main methods: surface mining and subsurface mining. Surface mining involves removing the overlying layers of soil and rock to access the coal seams. This method is commonly used when the coal deposits are close to the surface and can be seen or mapped from above. It is less expensive and less dangerous compared to subsurface mining.

In contrast, subsurface mining involves digging tunnels and shafts deep into the ground to reach the coal deposits. This method is used when the coal seams are located at depths that cannot be reached through surface mining. The tunnels and shafts provide access to the coal, which is then extracted using various underground mining techniques. Subsurface mining is more expensive and carries higher safety risks due to the need for underground excavation.

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