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90 minutes to 3 hours are needed for dry heat sterilization. Heated dry air is used at a temperature of 160 to 180 degrees Celsius, which is 320 to 356 degrees Fahrenheit.

Answer :

Final answer:

Dry heat sterilization is a direct application of high temperatures to sterilize lab and medical equipment, while moist-heat sterilization, such as in autoclaves, is generally more effective as it penetrates cells better. Commercial sterilization uses controlled heat to eliminate foodborne pathogens while preserving food quality.

Explanation:

Dry heat sterilization is a method used in laboratories and clinics to eliminate all microorganisms by exposing them to high temperatures.

The process requires at least two hours and reaches temperatures of up to 170 degrees Celsius. It is often conducted using a dry-heat sterilizer such as an oven.

This method is particularly effective due to the direct application of high heat, which can incinerate all forms of microbes.

However, moist-heat sterilization, similar to the process used in autoclaves, is generally more effective because it penetrates cells more efficiently than dry heat.

This method utilizes steam under pressure to reach temperatures beyond the boiling point of water, effectively sterilizing the items without damaging them.

The exposure time depends on the nature and volume of the materials being sterilized.

Another method of sterilization mentioned is commercial sterilization which targets pathogens responsible for spoilage and foodborne diseases in the food industry, particularly C. botulinum, with controlled heating at temperatures sufficient to destroy these pathogens while preserving food quality.

Learn more about sterilization methods here:

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