4. In this theory, children commit crimes because they anticipate more benefits from violating the law than from conformity.

(a) Classical
(b) Neo-classical
(c) Rational choice
(d) Choice theory

5. According to Sheldon, which body physique is most likely to commit serious offenses?

(a) Endomorph
(b) Mesomorph
(c) Ectomorph
(d) Viscerotonia

The Rational Choice Theory in criminology suggests that individuals commit crimes because they make a calculated decision, weighing the potential benefits against the possible risks or consequences. In this theory, it is believed that if the perceived benefits of a crime outweigh the risks, a person is more likely to engage in criminal activity. This approach treats criminals as rational actors who make decisions to maximize their perceived advantage.

The correct answer is (b) Mesomorph.

William Sheldon, an American psychologist in the 1940s, developed the theory of somatotypes, which is a categorization of human physiques. According to his theory, individuals with a Mesomorph body type are more likely to commit serious offenses. Sheldon's concept suggested that mesomorphs possess more muscular and athletic builds, which he associated with assertiveness and aggressive behaviors. It's important to note that Sheldon's theory has been criticized and largely discredited in modern criminology as it oversimplifies the complex issue of crime and ignores social and environmental factors.

Both questions pertain to criminology, a branch of law focused on studying crime, criminal behavior, and the functioning of the criminal justice system.