High School

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You are asked to plan the installation of PV solar panels on the roof of the Harper College library (42°N). You want the angle of your panels to be such that solar radiation on the winter solstice at the zenith strikes the solar panels at 90°.

At what angle should the roof be pitched?

Answer :

Final answer:

The optimal pitch angle for the solar panels on the winter solstice at Harper College's latitude (42°N) is 25° from horizontal, calculated from the solar altitude angle on that day.

Explanation:

To determine the pitch angle for the installation of PV solar panels on the roof of the Harper College library to have solar radiation at the zenith strike the panels at 90° on the winter solstice, we must consider the solar declination on that day.

On December 21st, the Sun is located about 23° south of the celestial equator. At a latitude of 42°N (Harper College's latitude), we calculate the solar altitude angle at solar noon as the difference between 90° and the sum of the latitude and the solar declination: 90° - (42° + 23°) which equals 25°.

Therefore, the optimal pitch angle for the panels is 25° from horizontal to achieve a 90° angle of incidence for the sun's rays on the winter solstice.

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