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Answer :
Recall is poorer when stimuli are presented in the presence of others is the finding that is NOT consistent with a cognitive explanation of social facilitation.
Social facilitation refers to the phenomenon where the presence of others enhances an individual's performance on a task. According to a cognitive explanation, the presence of others leads to an increase in arousal and attention, which can improve performance on simple or well-learned tasks but hinder performance on complex or novel tasks. However, the finding that recall is poorer when stimuli are presented in the presence of others contradicts this cognitive explanation.
The other options listed, A, C, and D, are consistent with a cognitive explanation of social facilitation:
A. Many species, including cockroaches, show signs of social facilitation. This finding supports the idea that social facilitation is not limited to humans and can be observed in various species, suggesting a common underlying cognitive mechanism.
C. Facilitation is reduced if the others in the situation are not noticed. This finding aligns with the cognitive explanation as it suggests that the presence of others must be perceived and acknowledged for social facilitation to occur.
D. Presence of others improves performance on the Stroop task. The Stroop task is a well-known psychological test that measures cognitive interference. The finding that the presence of others enhances performance on this task is consistent with the cognitive explanation of social facilitation, as increased arousal and attention can help individuals focus and overcome interference.
In summary, the finding that recall is poorer when stimuli are presented in the presence of others contradicts the cognitive explanation of social facilitation, while the other listed findings are consistent with it.
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