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The horticulturalist plans to cross a geranium that is true-breeding for red flowers with a geranium that is true-breeding for white flowers. Which Punnett square best describes this cross?

Answer :

Final answer:

The best Punnett square to describe the cross between a geranium true-breeding for red flowers and one true-breeding for white flowers would show all Rr offspring for the F1 generation. Assuming red is dominant, a Punnett square for the F2 generation would predict a 3:1 ratio of red to white flowering plants.

Explanation:

The question pertains to a monohybrid cross in genetics, specifically crossing true-breeding plants with different flower colors to predict offspring phenotypes using a Punnett square. A horticulturalist plans to cross a geranium true-breeding for red flowers with one true-breeding for white flowers. Assuming red is dominant over white, the parents' genotypes would be RR (red) and rr (white), respectively. If we apply Mendelian genetics, as seen in Mendel's pea plant experiments, the first filial (F1) generation would result in all heterozygous offspring (Rr), displaying the red phenotype.

From Mendel's work, we know that the F2 generation, obtained by crossing two F1 individuals, typically has a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 for dominant to recessive traits, provided that one trait is dominant and one is recessive. So, to represent this cross using a Punnett square:


  • The top and side of the grid list the alleles R and r, respectively, representing the gametes of each parent.

  • The offspring genotypes, represented in the squares, would all be Rr for the F1 generation.

For the F2 generation, the Punnett square would show a mix of RR, Rr, and rr genotypes, corresponding to the expected 3:1 phenotypic ratio of red to white flowers.

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