High School

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In order to fit into their habitat, the Galápagos finches had:

A. Similar beak sizes and shapes.
B. Different beak sizes and shapes.
C. No beaks.
D. Beaks only for drinking water.

Answer :

Final answer:

Galápagos finches exhibit different beak sizes and shapes as a result of evolution by natural selection, with these variations being crucial for adaptation to their environment and food sources. Therefore, option b) Different beak sizes and shapes is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The Galápagos finches adapted to their environment by developing different beak sizes and shapes. This variation in beak morphology is an example of evolution by natural selection, particularly well-documented by biologists Peter and Rosemary Grant.

The Grants observed that during a drought, finches with larger beaks were able to crack open and eat larger seeds, while finches with smaller beaks struggled and many died as they could only eat smaller seeds.

This led to an increase in the average beak size among the surviving finch population. These beak adaptations also relate to the specific types of food the birds consume.

Finches that eat buds and fruits have larger beaks, whereas those that eat insects and grubs have narrower beaks. Furthermore, distinct mating signals and beak structures aid in the speciation process, as documented by Darwin and later, the Grants.

In summary, the correct answer to the question is b) Different beak sizes and shapes, which are a result of adaptive changes influenced by food sources and environmental conditions, leading to a diversity of finch species on the Galápagos Islands.

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