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Finch Survival Rate:
- Small Beak: 50%
- Big Beak: 80%

Is the mutation helpful, harmful, or neutral for finches? How do you know? What are some reasons you can hypothesize for this?

Answer :

The question about the survival rates of finches with small and big beaks involves understanding evolutionary biology and how mutations affect a species.

In the scenario given, finches with big beaks have a higher survival rate (80%) compared to those with small beaks (50%). This suggests that the mutation for having a big beak is advantageous, or helpful, under the current environmental conditions.

To determine why this mutation is helpful, consider the following possible reasons:

  1. Food Availability: If the available food sources are large seeds or tough to crack, finches with larger beaks would have an advantage because they can more easily access food, leading to a higher survival rate.

  2. Environmental Changes: There may have been a recent environmental change, such as a drought or a shift in vegetation type, that made it more beneficial for finches to have bigger beaks.

  3. Predation: Larger beaks might also play a role in the finches' defense mechanism or mating displays, contributing to greater survival in terms of both avoiding predators and attracting mates.

Knowing if a mutation is helpful, harmful, or neutral can be assessed by observing the survival and reproductive success of the individuals with that trait over time. In this case, the higher survival rate of big-beaked finches suggests that this trait is beneficial in their current environment.

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