Answer :

Final answer:

Hair may darken or break during a permanent wave if it has been previously treated with bleach, which already weakens the disulfide bonds that are further manipulated during the waving process.

Explanation:

Hair may darken or break during a permanent wave if previously treated with a chemical lightener, such as bleach. This is because the hair has been subjected to processes that alter its structural integrity. Permanent waves, commonly called perms, involve chemically disrupting and reforming the hair's disulfide bonds. A permanent wave process typically uses a reducing agent, like ammonium thioglycolate, to break down these disulfide bonds before hair is set on curlers and an oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, is applied to re-establish the bonds in their new shape.

The integrity of hair can be compromised when a permanent waving process is applied after previous chemical treatments such as bleaching. Bleached hair has reduced pigment and altered protein structure, which makes it more susceptible to damage, breakage, and further changes in color when it undergoes additional chemical processes. The oxidizing agents used in hair coloring, and the reducing agents used in perming can further stress and potentially break the already weakened disulfide bonds in bleached hair.

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