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Answer :
Both the American and French Revolutions were inspired by Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and justice. However, the American Revolution is often seen as more closely adhering to these principles by establishing a stable republic and constitution, contrasting with the French Revolution's descent into violence. Despite their inspiration from Enlightenment thought, each had its failings regarding universal rights.
The question of which revolution, the American or the French, more completely embodied the spirit of the Enlightenment is complex. The Enlightenment's principles of liberty, equality, and justice significantly influenced both revolutions. The American Revolution was partly inspired by Enlightenment ideas, leading the colonists to reject arbitrary monarchical power and demand independence, symbolized through key figures like Jefferson and Madison who saw their constitution as a model for other nations. The French Revolution also drew heavily upon Enlightenment thought, with revolutionaries aiming to overthrow aristocratic leaders and establish a republic based on these principles. However, despite these lofty goals, the French Revolution later deviated into violence and the oppression of dissenters, suggesting a divergence from Enlightenment ideals.
The French Revolution's influence on American thought was notable, with compliments such as mourning for Benjamin Franklin and honorary French citizenship given to American leaders. John Marshall's sentiment expressed that many Americans felt a strong attachment to France and its quest for liberty. This sense of kinship was rooted in shared Enlightenment values. Nevertheless, the breakdown of the French Revolution into the Reign of Terror showed how Enlightenment aspirations could be distorted, contrasting with the somewhat steadier (although not flawless) approach to establishing a government in America post-independence.
Therefore, while both revolutions were inspired by the Enlightenment, the American Revolution maintained a closer adherence to its tenets by creating a more stable republic and constitution without devolving into mass violence. It can be argued that the American Revolution, through its focus on establishing and maintaining a new constitutional order, did a better job embodying the spirit of the Enlightenment, despite its own shortcomings in realizing the full promise of those principles, particularly regarding slavery and the treatment of indigenous peoples.
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