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Answer :
Final answer:
To calculate the percentage yield of calcium sulfate, we used the molar masses to convert given masses to moles, found the theoretical yield, and then compared the actual yield to the theoretical. The percentage yield of calcium sulfate was found to be 92.87%.
Explanation:
To calculate the percentage yield of calcium sulfate, we need to first determine the theoretical yield. Calcium nitrate reacts with sulfuric acid according to the balanced chemical equation:
Ca(NO3)2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2 HNO3
The molar mass of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, is calculated as follows:
- 1x40.078 g/mol Ca
- 2x14.007 g/mol N
- 6x15.999 g/mol O
Adding these together:
1x40.078 + 2x14.007 + 6x15.999 = 164.088 g/mol
Now, using the given mass of calcium nitrate (19.68g), we find the moles:
19.68 g Ca(NO3)2 × (1 mol / 164.088 g) = 0.12 moles of Ca(NO3)2
The molar mass of calcium sulfate, CaSO4, is:
- 1x40.078 g/mol Ca
- 1x32.065 g/mol S
- 4x15.999 g/mol O
Adding these together:
1x40.078 + 1x32.065 + 4x15.999 = 136.141 g/mol
The theoretical yield of CaSO4, assuming it all reacts, is:
0.12 moles × 136.141 g/mol = 16.34 g
Finally, the percentage yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100:
(15.18 g / 16.34 g) × 100 = 92.87%
So, the percentage yield of calcium sulfate produced is 92.87%.
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