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Answer :
Final answer:
Cognitive dissonance and balance theory both assume a psychological need for consistency. Cognitive dissonance can be resolved by changing behaviors, attitudes, or cognitions, while balance theory suggests changing perceptions or attitudes to maintain a balance. Examples of attitude change could be a smoker quitting due to conflict in behavior and belief, or someone changing their opinion about a colleague based on a friend's positive opinion on the same.
Explanation:
1. Cognitive dissonance theory assumes the fundamental psychological need for consistency among our attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions. Balance theory similarly presumes a need for consistency and balance among interpersonal relationships.
2. Cognitive dissonance can be resolved by changing our behavior, attitudes, or adding a new cognition to bring our cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors into harmony. With balance theory, resolution can occur by changing attitudes, particularly by changing one's perception of a person or a belief connected to that person.
3. A person’s attitude change can be explained by cognitive dissonance theory. For example, a person might stop smoking to resolve the conflict between the belief that smoking is bad and the behavior of smoking. Balance theory might explain an attitude change in interpersonal relation context, such as a person changing his opinion about a disliked colleague upon realizing that a close friend also likes this colleague, for the sake of maintaining balanced interrelations.
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