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4.3 Write down the formula for the following:

4.3.1 Carbonate ion
4.3.2 Chlorate ion
4.3.3 Nitrate ion
4.3.4 Sulphate ion
4.3.5 Sulphite ion
4.3.6 Ammonium ion

Answer :

In chemistry, ions are electrically charged species that form when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons. Here are the formulas for the ions listed:

4.3.1 Carbonate Ion: The carbonate ion is a polyatomic ion with the formula [tex]\text{CO}_3^{2-}[/tex]. It consists of one carbon atom covalently bonded to three oxygen atoms. The ion carries a -2 charge because there are two more electrons than there are protons in this group.

4.3.2 Chlorate Ion: The chlorate ion is a polyatomic ion with the formula [tex]\text{ClO}_3^-[/tex]. It contains one chlorine atom centrally bonded to three oxygen atoms and carries a -1 charge.

4.3.3 Nitrate Ion: The nitrate ion has the formula [tex]\text{NO}_3^-[/tex]. It consists of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms, with the entire ion carrying a -1 charge.

4.3.4 Sulphate Ion: The sulphate ion (also spelled as sulfate) has the formula [tex]\text{SO}_4^{2-}[/tex]. It includes one sulfur atom centrally bonded to four oxygen atoms, holding a -2 charge.

4.3.5 Sulphite Ion: The sulphite ion (also spelled as sulfite) has the formula [tex]\text{SO}_3^{2-}[/tex]. This ion comprises one sulfur atom bonded to three oxygen atoms, and the ion has a -2 charge.

4.3.6 Ammonium Ion: The ammonium ion, represented by [tex]\text{NH}_4^+[/tex], consists of one nitrogen atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms, carrying a +1 charge due to the loss of one electron.

These ions are foundational in various chemical reactions and are important in both natural processes and industrial applications. Understanding their structures and charges is crucial for predicting the behavior of compounds in chemical reactions.

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