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Answer :
Final answer:
The Inca adapted to their mountainous environment through techniques like terrace farming and advanced engineering. They were conquered by Spanish conquistadors, and the Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of goods between the Americas and Europe. Key items transferred include maize, potatoes, and horses.
Explanation:
Inca Adaptations and the Columbian Exchange
The Inca civilization, which thrived in the mountainous regions of the Andes, successfully adapted to their environment through various agricultural techniques and innovations. They developed terrace farming, which allowed them to cultivate crops on steep slopes, efficiently utilizing the land available to them.
1. Cultural Adaptation: The Incas grew crops that thrived in high altitudes, such as potatoes and quinoa, and they utilized irrigation systems to manage water supply effectively.
2. Architectural Adaptations: They built intricate road systems and stone structures that were well-suited for stability in such rough terrain, showcasing their engineering skills.
Conquest of the Inca
The Inca Empire was conquered by the Spanish conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro in the early 16th century. This conquest resulted from a combination of military technology, strategic alliances with local tribes, and the spread of diseases that devastated the Inca population.
Understanding the Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World following Christopher Columbus's voyages in the late 15th century.
Goods and Services Traded
Goods/Services from the Americas to Europe:
- Maize (corn)
- Potatoes
- Tobacco
Goods/Services from Europe to the Americas:
- Wheat
- Horses
- Smallpox (disease)
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