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Answer :
Final answer:
In cirrhosis, portal hypertension is indicated by 1) splenomegaly, which is due to the obstruction caused by liver scarring leading to a backup of blood into the portal system.
Explanation:
A patient with cirrhosis develops portal hypertension, a condition characterized by an increased blood pressure within the portal venous system. This condition leads to splenomegaly, which is an enlargement of the spleen as the blood backs up into the portal system due to the obstruction caused by the liver scarring. Additionally, portal hypertension can result in other complications including ascites (fluid retention in the abdominal cavity), varices (enlarged veins, particularly in the esophagus or stomach, which can bleed), and encephalopathy (a brain disorder caused by liver failure). However, among the options provided, splenomegaly is the direct indicator of portal hypertension in cirrhosis patients.
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