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Answer :
Final answer:
Allele frequencies change from one generation to the next due to natural selection, genetic drift, migration, mutations, and non-random mating.
Explanation:
In biology, allele frequencies refer to the relative proportions of different alleles in a population. These frequencies can change from one generation to the next due to several factors:
- Natural selection: Certain alleles may provide a reproductive advantage, allowing individuals with those alleles to survive and reproduce more successfully. Over time, this can lead to an increase in the frequency of those advantageous alleles in the population.
- Genetic drift: Random events can cause certain alleles to become more or less common in a population by chance alone. This is more likely to occur in smaller populations, where chance events can have a greater impact.
- Migration (gene flow): When individuals migrate between populations, they can introduce new alleles into a population or alter existing allele frequencies. This can happen through the movement of individuals or the exchange of genetic material.
- Mutations: Mutations are random changes in DNA that can create new alleles. If these new alleles provide a selective advantage, they may increase in frequency over time.
- Non-random mating: Mating patterns that are not random, such as assortative mating (where individuals with similar traits mate) or sexual selection (where certain traits are preferred in a mate), can influence allele frequencies by favoring certain traits or combinations of alleles.
These factors interact and can have both short-term and long-term effects on allele frequencies in a population.
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