High School

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Josiah invests [tex]\$360[/tex] into an account that accrues [tex]3\%[/tex] interest annually. Assuming no deposits or withdrawals are made, which equation represents the amount of money in Josiah's account, [tex]y[/tex], after [tex]x[/tex] years?

A. [tex]y = 360(1.3)^x[/tex]
B. [tex]y = 360(0.3)^x[/tex]
C. [tex]y = 360(0.03)^x[/tex]
D. [tex]y = 360(1.03)^x[/tex]

Answer :

To determine the equation that represents the amount of money in Josiah's account after a certain number of years, we need to understand how compound interest works.

Josiah's initial investment is [tex]$360, and the account earns 3% interest annually. This is the process to derive the correct formula:

1. Identify the principal amount: This is the initial amount of money invested, which is $[/tex]360.

2. Determine the interest rate: The interest rate is given as 3%, which is written as a decimal: 0.03.

3. Calculate the growth factor: Since interest is compounded annually, the growth factor each year is calculated by adding 1 to the interest rate. So, the growth factor is:
[tex]\[
\text{Growth Factor} = 1 + 0.03 = 1.03
\][/tex]

4. Formulate the equation: The formula for compound interest, which gives us the amount in the account after [tex]\(x\)[/tex] years, is:
[tex]\[
y = \text{Principal} \times (\text{Growth Factor})^x
\][/tex]
Substituting the known values:
[tex]\[
y = 360 \times (1.03)^x
\][/tex]

Therefore, the equation that represents the amount of money in Josiah's account after [tex]\(x\)[/tex] years is [tex]\( y = 360(1.03)^x \)[/tex].

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