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Answer :
Final answer:
To distinguish each bacterial strain, Hailey can evaluate their level of tetracycline resistance, which can be quantitatively assessed via the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). These resistance mechanisms could be due to the development of resistance genes in bacteria through spontaneous mutation or horizontal gene transfer.
Explanation:
Hailey can distinguish each bacterial strain based on their level of resistance to tetracycline, which is determined by specific resistance mechanisms that these bacteria have evolved. Such mechanisms are often due to genetic modification in the bacteria, either by spontaneous mutation or through horizontal gene transfer, resulting in the development of resistance genes.
Tetracycline resistance in bacteria often operates via three primary mechanisms. First, some bacteria have efflux pumps that can actively transport tetracycline molecules out of the cell. Second, some bacteria can produce proteins that can protect their ribosomes from tetracycline. Lastly, other bacteria can enzymatically inactivate tetracycline. Bacteria with different resistance levels likely have these mechanisms to varying degrees.
The resistance can be assessed quantitatively by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline for each strain. The MIC is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that prevents visible growth of a bacterium. A lower MIC would indicate a strain with lower resistance, while a higher MIC would indicate a strain with higher resistance. Thus, it would be expected that the low-resistant strain has a lower MIC, whereas the high-resistant strain has a higher MIC.
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