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Answer :
A recent analysis shows that there is only one allele (a2) in that population today, after only three generation the following mechanisms are potential reasons for this observation are genetic drift, natural selection, and the bottleneck effect.
First, genetic drift, which is the random fluctuation in allele frequencies, could have led to the fixation of the a2 allele and the loss of the a1 allele. In small populations, genetic drift can have a significant impact on genetic diversity. Second, natural selection may have favored the a2 allele if it conferred a survival or reproductive advantage to the wolves with that coat color. Wolves with the a2 allele might have been better camouflaged or more successful in hunting, thus increasing their fitness and likelihood of passing on the allele to the next generation.
Lastly, the bottleneck effect could have played a role in the observed allele frequency shift, this occurs when a population's size is reduced for a short period, leading to the loss of genetic variation. As the wolves were reintroduced into a new environment, some individuals may not have survived, and by chance, the a1 allele might have been lost, leaving only the a2 allele in the population. So therefore in the case of the small population of wolves reintroduced to southern New Mexico 20 years ago, the observation that only one allele (a2) for the coat color gene is present today after three generations may be attributed to several potential mechanisms such as genetic drift, natural selection, and the bottleneck effect.
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