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Answer :
The observation that adult female turkeys in a wild population are larger than adult male turkeys is an example of sexual dimorphism.
What is Sexual Dimorphism?
Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences in size, appearance, and structure between males and females of the same species. This phenomenon is common in the animal kingdom, including birds, mammals, and reptiles. These differences can manifest in physical size, coloration, or even behaviors.
Why Does Sexual Dimorphism Occur?
Reproductive Strategies: Different reproductive roles between males and females often drive sexual dimorphism. In some species, larger size may be advantageous for females to facilitate successful reproduction and nurturing of offspring.
Natural Selection: In wild populations, natural selection may favor females to be larger if it increases their survival or reproductive success. Larger females might be better at acquiring resources necessary for bearing and raising young.
Sexual Selection: Though this is more common in males, sexual selection can also drive females to develop certain traits. However, in this case, the larger size might not necessarily be a result of sexual selection if it is not directly related to attracting mates.
Examples in Other Species:
- In many bird species, males are larger and more colorful to attract females, but size differences can vary depending on the ecological and evolutionary pressures faced by the species.
- In mammals like the anglerfish, females are significantly larger than males, which is crucial for reproductive efficiency as the male often has a parasitic relationship.
Understanding sexual dimorphism helps biologists comprehend how different species adapt to their environments and the evolutionary pressures that shape their development. This observation can lead to further studies on how these differences affect the species' survival and reproductive success.
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