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Answer :
a. Prophase: 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids
b. Metaphase: 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids
c. Anaphase: 92 chromosomes, 92 chromatids
d. Telophase: 92 chromosomes, 92 chromatids
e. G1: 46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids
f. G2: 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids
a. Prophase:
During prophase, each of the 46 chromosomes has already been duplicated in the previous S phase, so the cell contains 46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined at a centromere.
b. Metaphase:
In metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane. Each chromosome, still composed of two sister chromatids, remains attached at the centromere, giving 46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids.
c. Anaphase:
During anaphase, the centromeres split, and sister chromatids separate, moving to opposite poles. Each chromatid now functions as an independent chromosome, resulting in 92 chromosomes and 92 chromatids in total.
d. Telophase:
In telophase, the separated chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear membrane starts reforming around them. The cell still contains 92 chromosomes and 92 chromatids until cytokinesis finalizes the split into two cells.
e. G1 Phase:
After cytokinesis, each daughter cell enters the G1 phase, containing 46 chromosomes and 46 chromatids, as DNA replication hasn’t begun.
f. G2 Phase:
In the G2 phase, DNA has replicated, but the chromatids are still joined. The cell now has 46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids, preparing for mitosis.
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Final answer:
Before mitosis begins, a human cell contains 46 chromosomes. During each phase, the cell retains the same number of chromosomes and chromatids: 46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids.
Explanation:
Before mitosis begins, a human cell contains 46 chromosomes. Here's the number of chromosomes and chromatids in each phase:
a. Prophase: 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids
b. Metaphase: 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids
c. Anaphase: 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids
d. Telophase: 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids
e. G1 phase: 46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids
f. G2 phase: 46 chromosomes, 46 chromatids
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