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Which of the following textures indicates two stages of cooling and crystallization?

1) Porphyritic texture
2) Glassy texture
3) Vesicular texture
4) Pegmatitic texture

Answer :

Final answer:

Porphyritic texture indicates two stages of cooling and crystallization, where larger crystals (phenocrysts) form in a finer-grained matrix or ground mass.

Explanation:

The texture indicating two stages of cooling and crystallization is the porphyritic texture. This texture develops when magma cools in two distinct stages: initially, it cools slowly deep below the earth's surface, which allows larger crystals, called phenocrysts, to form. Later, the remaining magma cools more rapidly, often due to a volcanic eruption, resulting in a fine-grained matrix surrounding the larger phenocrysts. The porphyritic texture is characterized by larger crystals (phenocrysts) that are prominent in a finer-grained background known as the matrix or ground mass.

The other textures mentioned—glassy, vesicular, and pegmatitic—are indicative of different cooling circumstances. For example, a glassy texture is indicative of very rapid cooling, typically quenching the molten material so quickly that there's no time for crystals to form. A vesicular texture indicates the presence of gas bubbles during cooling, causing holes (vesicles) in the rock, while a pegmatitic texture suggests very slow cooling, typically resulting in extremely large crystals.

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