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Answer :
Limestone fizzes and bubbles when exposed to hydrochloric acid due to the presence of calcite, which is composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). The reaction releases carbon dioxide gas, seen as fizzing.
The mineral in limestone that causes it to fizz and bubble when it comes into contact with hydrochloric acid (HCl) is calcite, which is composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). When HCl is added to limestone, a chemical reaction takes place where the calcium carbonate reacts with the acid to form calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide gas (CO₂). This reaction is represented by the chemical equation: CaCO₃(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO₂(g) + CaCl₂(aq) + H₂O(l). The bubbling or fizzing observed is due to the release of CO₂ gas as calcium carbonate reacts with the acid. Moreover, dolomite, which is a close relative of calcite and also found in some limestones, reacts only when powdered because its structure requires more surface area to come into contact with the acid.
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Final answer:
The mineral calcite (or calcium carbonate) in limestone causes it to fizz and bubble when it reacts with hydrochloric acid, producing carbon dioxide gas.
Explanation:
The mineral causing limestone to fizz and bubble when it comes into contact with hydrochloric acid (HCl) is calcite. This reaction is a clear identifier of the presence of calcite in the rock sample. Calcite, or calcium carbonate (CaCO3), reacts with the HCl to produce carbon dioxide gas (CO2) which appears as the fizzing or bubbling you observe.
This reaction can be written as follow: CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O. In this equation, CaCO3 is the calcite in limestone, HCl is the hydrochloric acid, CO2 is the carbon dioxide gas produced which causes the bubbling, CaCl2 is Calcium Chloride and H2O is water.
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