Answer :

Final answer:

Northerners defied the Fugitive Slave Act through means such as protection and protest against authorities trying to enforce the law, refusal to act as slave-catchers, participating in the Underground Railroad, and passing personal liberty laws systems. The Union military also supported refugees from slavery.

Explanation:

There were several ways in which Northerners defied the Fugitive Slave Act. Some Northerners, particularly abolitionists, saw the law as an assault on their beliefs and thus actively protested against its enforcement. For instance, notable figures like Frederick Douglass defended the use of force as a means for opposing the law. Abolitionists in cities like Boston went ahead to protect fugitives from the federal authorities. One prime example of this was during the case of Anthony Burns, a fugitive slave who ultimately had to be bought out of slavery by Boston abolitionists.

A number of Northerners also refused to act as slave-catchers, an act that was punishable by heavy fines and prison sentences under the Fugitive Slave Act. In this way, they defied the law and expressed their view about its unjust nature. Furthermore, other Northerners participated in the Underground Railroad, which provided a network of safe passage and hideouts for escaped slaves seeking freedom.

Additionally, some states passed personal liberty laws to counteract the effects of the Fugitive Slave Act. The Union military, as another example, labeled refugees from slavery as 'contrabands' and refused to return the escaped slaves to the Southern states, thus contravening the Fugitive Slave Act.

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