Answer :

Final answer:

The ability to maintain speed in running depends on the body's energy systems and muscle fatigue. Sprinters can maintain a higher speed over shorter distances due to their reliance on the anaerobic energy system and a higher concentration of fast-twitch muscle fibers. Conversely, long-distance runners primarily use the aerobic system and have more slow-twitch muscle fibers, which allows for greater endurance but at a lower speed.

Explanation:

The reason a 1500-metre runner cannot maintain the same speed over 1500 metres as a sprinter can over 400 metres has to do with the body's energy systems and the phenomenon of muscle fatigue. During a 400-metre sprint, the body's energy is predominantly supplied by the anaerobic system, which does not require oxygen. This allows for high-intensity burst of speed but can only be sustained for a short period of time due to the build-up of lactic acid which leads to muscle fatigue.

In contrast, long distance running like a 1500-metre race primarily relies on the aerobic energy system. Here, the body uses oxygen to produce energy and can continue doing so for a much longer time. However, the energy output and therefore the speed, is much lower compared to the anaerobic system.

It is also worth mentioning that an athlete's training and muscle composition can influence their performance. Sprinters have more fast-twitch muscle fibers designed for speed and power, whereas long-distance runners tend to have more slow-twitch muscle fibers designed for endurance.

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