Study the following case study and answer the questions that follow.

The traditional practices in Industrial Engineering and Operations Management involve supervising, managing, and linking the needs of the company to employees through "Resource Alignment" to improve and optimize resources, increasing efficiency, productivity, quality, and reducing costs. Among these practices are work study, work measurement, and work sampling, which are common techniques used by Industrial Engineers to improve methods and work measurements to establish standard operation times.

Many practitioners mention techniques for determining standard times, one of them being work sampling. It is a specific approach to measuring labor productivity. The traditional way to use work sampling is to explore the content and context of the activity during a work period over a period of time. Work sampling involves making a series of random observations about the resources employed (man, machine, or process) that are analyzed. It is performed on activities that do not have a work method and are time-consuming, and more than one resource may be monitored.

This technique has been used to measure productivity in the construction area and the automotive industry, directly affecting productivity, operators, and quality, among other metrics in the company. Establishing a lower standard time for workers, sacrificing Allowance Time (AT), does not imply that operators produce more. On the contrary, operators cannot maintain a 100% performance rating during the working day and accumulate fatigue day after day. The standard time is determined from the real time affected by the rating of the operator's performance, adding operator allowances for different causes the operator may need during his working day. The type of work is an element that must be taken into account to define Allowance Time (AT). Price proposes that allowances can be determined based on metabolic cost and local muscle fatigue, exposing the factors involved in its determination.

On the other hand, a company may divide its determination into empirical methods based on static strength, heart rate, and energy expenditure, showing equations for each of these categories. One company proposed the necessity of matching the individual's energy capacity with job demand capacity by allowing two-hand processes, whereby operators start using both hands to operate optimally. They recommended measuring the reaction of "standard" people, although it is difficult to find those people. Another candidate indicated that although there are several methods to define allowances, the determination is often delegated to people with little skill and experience to determine their value.

Answer True or False based on the case study:

1. The determination of Allowance Time (AT) is of critical importance in work sampling, given that through the operational time, workers need to maintain their work rhythm at 10% and not 100% during the entire workday without fatigue.

2. When applying sampling correctly, an example would be a situation where the decision regarding the cooking of rice is made by having a sample of rice from a boiling pot and pressing it between fingers.

3. Applying activity sampling can increase the ergonomics of the company from the base of employees, improving efficiency and productivity.

4. Work sampling is the arithmetical technique used for deciding the proportion of time spent by workers in various defined categories of activity.

5. Non-financial methods of motivating employees in various organizations include lateral movement of employees, rotation of employees, job enrichment, empowerment, and training.